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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a well-known neurobiological disorder that affects 4.4% of the general population. It is accompanied by high rates of comorbidity (depression anxiety, anxiety, alcohol abuse) and significant social, emotional, and occupational impairments. Medications and psychotherapy are both effective treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. The most commonly prescribed medications are stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamine. Medications Many people with ADHD notice significant improvements in their symptoms and functioning as a result of medication. It is crucial that people with ADHD discover the right combination of medications that works for them. Adults suffering from ADHD are prescribed stimulants, such as amphetamines or methylphenidate. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid form and can be taken as frequently as every three to four hours. Adults may supplement an immediate-release medicine with an extended-release long-acting medicine at least every week to lessen the need to take it regularly throughout the day. Antidepressants such as desipramine have also been found to be effective in treatment of adults suffering from ADHD. This class of medications can be used by itself or in conjunction with stimulants to increase their effects. They may also increase the risk of serious adverse consequences, like rapid heartbeats, EKG changes and orthostatic hypotension. Adults with ADHD can also be treated using alprazolam or clonidine. They are both Alpha-2 antagonists of the adrenergic system. These drugs, initially developed to treat high blood pressure, have an calming effect and are able to increase focus and reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity in some adults. However, these drugs can cause a very low blood pressure when they are abruptly removed or reduced in dosage. Adults suffering from ADHD are also able to benefit from psychotherapy. Individual therapy can help those with ADHD to overcome feelings of shame, embarrassment, and resentment towards co-workers and supervisors, teachers, and family members that might criticize or nag them. Additionally counseling for marriage and families can help couples with ADHD to understand each other's issues and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy Psychosocial therapy for adults with ADHD seeks to improve everyday functioning by teaching strategies and skills. Psychotherapy can help individuals who suffer from ADHD overcome their self-esteem issues and the feeling of failure they often feel. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is also referred to as cognitive behavior therapy, assists people to change negative thoughts and feelings that are causing difficulties in their lives. It helps them learn new ways to think, feel and behave. This short-term and goal-oriented therapy has been proven effective in treating many conditions, including depression and anxiety. It can be used alone or in combination with other therapies. CBT may include group therapy, which is particularly beneficial for people with ADHD as it offers the opportunity to interact with other people who are facing similar issues and learn from others how they manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be offered in person or over the phone. In one study, CBT was compared to the standard treatment for adults who have ADHD. Both treatments improved self-report indicators like symptoms, functioning and quality of life. Several studies have compared CBT with other psychosocial treatments for adults suffering from ADHD, and all show significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms, with medium to large effect size. These improvements were attributed to a variety of modalities that include cognitive and interpersonal behavioral therapy, social skills training, problem-solving and mindfulness meditation. However, caution is advised in comparing the efficacy of different therapies for adult ADHD. It is likely that the differences in outcomes results are due to a range of factors, including treatment characteristics and the measures employed. A few studies have examined the effectiveness of neurofeedback, a technique that involves wearing an electrode-lined cap while doing cognitive tasks to pinpoint areas of the brain where there is too much or too little activity. Then, instructing the individual to control these patterns. Counseling Many people with ADHD also suffer from anxiety or mood disorders that need treatment. Counseling can help address these issues which may be causing ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is among the psychotherapy techniques that can aid in improving a person’s ability to resolve conflicts and develop meaningful relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help control self-destructive, impulsive, and negative behavior that can cause problems at work or school. In some cases psychotherapy may be used as an adjunct to the medication used for ADHD treatment for adults. Patients with comorbid disorders like bipolar disorder, and substance abuse need to be evaluated carefully to make sure they don't have symptoms that cannot be improved by the medications used to treat ADHD. Certain medical conditions, like thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and a history of seizures, need to be treated more aggressively. Intensive outpatient programs might be suggested if the individual's ADHD is so severe that it affects their daily functioning and quality of life. adhd treatment for older adults offer structured treatment that is more intense than conventional outpatient psychotherapy. adhd treatment for older adults (CBT) is a form of cognitive therapy, aids people with ADHD to improve their ability to manage time, impulse control, planning and executive functioning. It helps them recognize and express their emotions and employs worksheets and exercises to make the lessons more engaging. The practice of mindfulness meditation improves CBT and enhances the capacity of a person to focus and regulate emotions. It increases the capacity of a person to manage the effects of stress and arousal. It can help them cope with anger, sadness, and other difficult feelings which could be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults suffering from ADHD often report difficulty functioning at home and at work. In addition to impacting work performance, these symptoms interfere with relationships and may cause financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues can help boost your self-esteem, solve the root of your issue and develop healthy coping strategies. Cognitive-behavioral treatment is an effective treatment for adults suffering from ADHD, as it teaches them how to change their negative thoughts and behaviors. It is focused on teaching you how to employ strategies to manage your time and eliminate the distortions in your thinking that cause negative moods and a perception of a limited selection. Many people with ADHD have anxiety or depression disorders that are comorbid. These psychiatric disorders can reduce or even increase the effectiveness of some medications used to treat ADHD. Therefore it is recommended you treat the most severe comorbid disorder first and observe its response to medication prior to beginning treatment for the other disorder. Occupational therapy can help you learn ways to organize your life and work, set up regular routines, manage your time and money and build an optimistic self-image. It can also help you learn relaxation techniques that may reduce your hyperactivity and impulsivity. In adhd treatment for adults without medication and other exercises can help you focus better by stabilizing your body in different postures. Family and marriage counseling can address the issues adults suffering from ADHD frequently create for their spouses, children and their families. They frequently complain of being insecure, unorganized, and susceptible to making decisions based on impulsivity. You can strengthen relationships by educating your spouses and family members about ADHD. It can also help you and your family members realize that the problem is caused by ADHD instead of a lack in caring or a refusal to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a frequent neurobiological disorder. It is often accompanied by comorbid conditions such as depression, anxiety and substance abuse disorders. Treatment options include psychosocial and medical interventions. A wide range of medications are available for adults suffering from ADHD and some of them have been evaluated in clinical trials. These studies have highlighted the strengths and limitations of the medications. Adults who suffer from ADHD experience the same symptoms as children, but it isn't always easy to identify them since childhood symptoms might not last throughout adulthood. Adults who suffer from ADHD might not have any family background of the disorder or may not be aware of symptoms. It is essential to take an extensive medical history in order to determine whether the symptoms are related to an illness like thyroid issues such as sleep apnea, sleep apnea and vision issues. Adult medications for ADHD generally fall into two categories: stimulants and non-stimulant medications. Stimulants are the most effective medication to treat adults suffering from ADHD and their response rates are in the 70 – 80% range. Amphetamine and methylphenidate are the most frequently prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate is also accessible in a transdermal system, which allows for a continuous medication delivery throughout the day. Nonstimulant medicines for adults suffering from ADHD are mostly tricyclic antidepressants that target norepinephrine and dopamine. Desipramine, which is the most researched tricyclic, has been shown to be effective in adult ADHD patients. It is a medication with a low dose that is recommended to be increased every seven days by 50mg until the desired effect is noticed. Bupropion XL is a different antidepressant, has been proven to work in adults with ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist that is able to block the reuptake of norepinephrine in the presynaptic transportation system, thus increasing its availability in the brain. This drug has been shown to improve mood and decrease hyperactivity in adults, but it isn't as effective as stimulants in improving concentration or cognitive function.